Insect borings in Oligocene wood, Kliwa sandstones, outer carpathians, Poland

Two types of insect borings in silicified wood (Taxodiaceae or Cupressaceae) from Lower Oligocene turbiditic sands (Menilite Beds) in the Polish Outer Carpathians are reported. The first type is quite similar to those of larvae of the extant beetle genus Anobium and can be ascribed to the ichnogenus ?Anobichnium Linck, 1949. The second type resembles that of larvae of the living wasp genus Sirex. The studied trace fossils were produced by insects that fed on dead wood on land. The bored wood was moved into the shallow sea, buried in sand and then transported to the deep-sea environment by mass transport. Silification of the specimens probably started in marine conditions.